Forklift Hydraulic Control Valves

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The job of directional control valves is to direct the fluid to the desired actuator. Usually, these control valves include a spool positioned in a housing made either from cast iron or steel. The spool slides to various positions within the housing. Intersecting channels and grooves direct the fluid based on the spool's location.

The spool is centrally positioned, help in place by springs. In this particular position, the supply fluid could be blocked and returned to the tank. When the spool is slid to one side, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. If the spool is moved to the other direction, the supply and return paths are switched. When the spool is enabled to return to the neutral or center place, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into position.

Usually, directional control valves are designed in order to be stackable. They generally have a valve for each and every hydraulic cylinder and one fluid input which supplies all the valves in the stack.

Tolerances are maintained really tightly, to be able to handle the higher pressures and so as to prevent leaking. The spools would normally have a clearance in the housing no less than 25 µm or a thousandth of an inch. In order to prevent distorting the valve block and jamming the valve's extremely sensitive components, the valve block will be mounted to the machine' frame with a 3-point pattern.

The position of the spool may be actuated by mechanical levers, hydraulic pilot pressure, or solenoids that push the spool right or left. A seal enables a part of the spool to protrude outside the housing where it is accessible to the actuator.

The main valve block controls the stack of directional control valves by flow performance and capacity. Some of these valves are designed to be proportional, like a valve position to the proportional flow rate, while some valves are designed to be on-off. The control valve is amongst the most expensive and sensitive parts of a hydraulic circuit.

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